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Accurately predicting metro commuter flows under changing urban conditions is essential for guiding infrastructure investments and service planning. However, existing methods show limited adaptability to evolving urban conditions. To address this, we propose an adaptive graph sharing embedding cascade interaction network (AGSECIN), which establishes a dynamic mapping relationship between changing urban

The velocity properties of concrete are highly sensitive to the changes of concrete structure after high temperatures. Experimental and theoretical data indicate a reduction in velocities and a decrease in the Vp/Vs ratio with temperature. After the heated concrete is saturated with water, the dependence of velocities on temperature shows a different trend compared with the dry specimen. The Vp/Vs

This paper presents an approach to enhance the interlayer properties of 3D-printed concrete (3DPC) by synchronously spraying CO2-activated interface enhancer (CIE) onto the surface of printed concrete filament during the printing process, thus overcoming the inherent limitation of weak interlayer properties and unlocking new possibilities for automation construction. The CIE was developed by using

The real-time control of concrete's stiffening allows users to better control pumping and extrusion during 3D-printing processes. Here, a portlandite-based cementitious formulation (i.e., slurry or suspension) that features the potential for rapid CO2 uptake is adapted for 3D-printing applications. In particular, we showcase a portlandite-fly ash binder system combined with a thermoresponsive polymer

Elastic modulus was one of the key parameters of recycled concrete for its application as structural concrete. The effect of recycled coarse aggregate characteristics on concrete elastic modulus needed to be clarified to enhance concrete performance. This study investigated the effect of the properties of recycled coarse aggregate, new mortar, and interfacial transition zone (ITZ) on concrete elastic

The aggregate distribution in concrete significantly influences the location of Interfacial Transition Zones (ITZs), impacting the initiation and propagation paths of cracks and complicating the prediction of concrete’s cracking behavior. To figure out the effects of aggregate distribution on concrete crack features, this study constructs a porosity-based heterogeneous model using the Discrete Element

With the growing interest in utilizing metallurgical slag for mineral carbonation, there is an urgent need to explore the application of flue gas-carbonated slag. This study investigated the microstructure of steel slag powder (SSP) carbonated under 10?% CO2 concentration and its impact on the hydration, rheological behavior and compressive strength of cement pastes. The primary carbonation products

Cement clinker production is a major contributor to CO2-intensive emissions and high energy consumption in the cement industry, necessitating urgent development of sustainable alternatives. In this study, thus, a CO2-activation recycled cement paste powder (ca-RCPP) with pozzolanic activity and aragonite whisker was synthesized by enhancing recycled cement paste powder (RCPP) through CO2. Meantime

The spoke cable‐net structure is a typical flexible tensile structure that relies solely on cables as load‐bearing components. Its unique topological characteristics, composed of ring cables and radial cables, determine that the main challenge in its form‐finding lies in controlling the spatial configuration of the inner ring. Existing computational methods primarily rely on numerical iteration based

Galvanized steel can be passivated in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to the formation of a protective calcium hydroxyzincate (CHZ) layer. However, it is rarely concerned about the corrosion resistance of galvanized steel in alkali-activated fly ash (AAFA). Accordingly, this study evaluated the passivation performance and chloride-induced corrosion behavior of galvanized steel in OPC and AAFA mortars

This study evaluated the mechanical and durability performance of CEM I and CEM I plus limestone blended concrete produced with calcined clays (CC) with a varying meta-kaolinite content (70, 50 or 20?wt%). Results revealed that concrete with >45?MPa can be produced with a CC with only 20?wt% meta-kaolinite. Increased compressive and flexural strengths were obtained using higher meta-kaolinite content

To explore the governing mechanism underlying the tensile fatigue behavior of Ultra-high Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (UHPFRC), this study tested eight specimens using four advanced non-destructive measurement techniques. First, magnetoscopy is conducted on each specimen to determine the local fiber orientation and volume. Afterward, seven specimens are statically preloaded

In construction projects, resource fluctuations not only decrease work efficiency but also lead to high costs. However, current resource leveling strategies exhibit limitations in crew‐based scheduling mechanisms, constraining the flexibility of resource allocation. This study addresses the resource leveling problem of repetitive projects, focusing on leveling resource utilization from the perspective

Vision-based monitoring of construction equipment is limited in scalability due to the high resource demands of collecting and labeling large datasets across diverse environments. This study proposes a framework that employs Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) and Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) to recognize construction equipment tasks from video frames without additional training data. The framework

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This study investigated the self-healing capability of two fibre reinforced cementitious mortars, with and without crystalline admixture, which were specifically developed for 3D concrete printing. Four-point bending tests were carried out to assess the recovery of mechanical properties, focusing on resistance and stiffness recovery indexes. Two residual crack opening displacements of 50 μm and 500

A clinker-free, one-part alkali-activated Materials (AAM) using calcined marine clay (CMC) and Ca(OH)2 (CH) was developed in this study. The influence of mechanical activation on the mechanical properties, morphology, and microstructure of one-part AAM was explored. Chemical dissolution test elucidates the relationship between reacted SiO2/Al2O3 content, CH content, and pH values throughout the reaction

Ultra-early mechanical properties are critical for shotcrete performance, significantly influenced by ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) formed during the initial hydration stage and free water. This study investigates the individual and synergistic effects of these phases on mechanical behavior using equivalent cement pastes. In this system, cement was entirely replaced with dolomite

The progressions of industrial revolutions have enabled diverse digital technologies in architecture, engineering, construction and operation (AECO), with Building Information Modelling (BIM) gaining notable attention. Concurrently, the circular economy (CE) has emerged as a crucial strategy for addressing socio-economic issues such as waste, resource depletion, and climate change. However, limitations

Leakage detection (LD) in water pipelines is crucial for reducing water wastage. Acoustic methods for pipeline monitoring are gaining increasing popularity. However, challenges like noise, reverberation, and time-varying factors in pipelines hinder feature extraction. To ameliorate this problem, this paper introduces a feature representation method named EF_Mel spectrogram and proposes a multi-dimensional

In order to solve the problem of excessively high dust and gas concentration in continuous mining face, this paper puts forward a front split air technology which can control gas concentration while reducing dust pollution on the basis of not affecting on-site coal mining operations, summarizes the on-site dust and gas pollution diffusion law, and reveals the dust control mechanism of front split air

Enhancing the resilience of underground structures for their operation safety amidst complex disasters has become a critical societal issue. However, resilience enhancement decision-making for underground structures mainly depends on practical subjective experience currently, with insufficient integration of ontology knowledge and a clear gap in the availability of efficient and intelligent decision-making

To optimize spray-based dust capture efficiency at coal mine working face, a novel micro-nano bubble enhanced ultrasonic dry fog dust suppression approach was developed. The characteristics of micro nano bubbles water were studied through wettability experiments and the dust suppression effect of micro nano bubbles water and tap water was compared by using the custom-designed spray dust suppression

The toughening efficiency of liquid polymers (LP) for cement-based materials is usually constrained by their agglomeration and discontinuous dispersion in matrix. In this study, a novel hydrogel-guided dispersion strategy was developed, in which the incorporation of 3.0?wt% hydrogel enabled the uniform distribution of 10.0?wt% LP within cement matrix as a continuous network. Accordingly, the flexural

Using chemically foamed geopolymers in 3D-printed building applications offers multifunctionality to the construction sector and enhances environmental sustainability; however, this topic remains virtually unexplored. To this end, the first part of this paper focuses on the fundamental stabilisation mechanism of chemically foamed geopolymers. In the second part, the most promising compositions were

Current structural damage segmentation models are often trained based on substantial pixel-level labels for specific structural components and damage types. To address this issue, this paper establishes a transformer-based large vision model for universal structural damage segmentation, incorporating a pre-trained transformer-based frozen backbone and a fine-tuned CNN-based segmentation head. A synthetic

The increasing demand for automated rebar cage assembly in the construction industry highlights the need for flexible rebar grasping solutions. This paper proposes a grasp detection method that enables robotic arms to autonomously grasp rebars from the top layer of stacks, eliminating the need for complex delivery systems. To support this, a synthetic dataset pipeline incorporating domain randomization

As deep space exploration advances, agencies such as National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and The European Space Agency (ESA), along with other nations, have developed mid-to-long-term plans for lunar habitation, including the construction of lunar infrastructure. This article reviews existing lunar construction concepts and designs, analyzing their importance for sustained human presence

Siltation diagnosis of drainage pipelines is crucial for preventing urban flooding. However, the existing intelligent siltation diagnosis algorithms often exhibits limitations in handling multivariate data sequences and extracting multifaceted features, leading to partial distortion in outputs. To address these shortcomings, a neural network architecture consisting of inception network (BCI), residual

Digital transformation is employed to create digital models that reflect the current state of infrastructure. Conventional semantic structure from motion methods effectively generated digital models of bridges segmented by components through semantic segmentation. However, these methods encounter significant challenges in the digital transformation of pedestrian suspension bridges: the inaccurate modeling

This paper presents an AI framework for automated detection of personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance in complex construction and industrial environments. Ensuring health and safety standards is essential for protecting workers engaged in construction, repair, or inspection activities. The framework leverages deep learning techniques for worker detection and pose estimation to enable accurate

Under the dual-carbon strategy, prefabricated engineering with dry-assembled joints has been actively implemented in China. However, the complexity of the on-site assembly processes impacts the interfacial connection quality of dry-assembled joints, where non-ideal force transmission caused by imperfect assembly status significantly compromises structural stability. To address this, an Intelligent

To investigate the mechanical properties and energy evolution of freeze–thawed concrete under both static and dynamic loading, static compression and dynamic impact tests were conducted. The resulting data included stress–strain curves, strength and deformation parameters, crushing characteristics, and energy evolution patterns of freeze-thawed concrete under these conditions. A dynamic constitutive

Accelerated human activities and the growing demand for natural resources have facilitated the need for a comprehensive understanding of subsurface environments. This paper comprehensively reviews non-destructive geophysical data acquisition methods for underground feature detection (UFD), focusing on wave-based methods (e.g., seismic and acoustic waves), electromagnetic field-based methods (e.g.,

Unequal double fires may cause more serious disasters due to their complex interaction mechanisms, especially in the case of longitudinal ventilation. However, previous studies have paid little attention to this spot. Therefore, this study presents an experimental investigation into flame behaviour characteristics induced by unequal double fires in a tunnel under different ventilation modes. Using

Large deformation of surrounding rock presents a critical challenge that urgently requires attention in tunnel engineering. This study provides a systematic review of the definition, classification, grading, mechanical mechanisms, and control techniques related to large deformations in surrounding rock. First, the origin of the large deformation concept is systematically analysed, and different types

Based on the deficiencies of the generalized response displacement method and the integral response displacement method for longitudinal seismic analysis of the shield tunnel, the dynamic sub-str1cture analysis method for longitudinal seismic response of a large-diameter shield tunnel crossing the complex soil layer is proposed. The feasibility and superiority of the dynamic sub-structure analysis

Many buildings suffer from operational inefficiencies, leading to uncomfortable indoor environments, poor air quality, and significant energy waste. Developing automatic fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) tools in building energy systems is essential to mitigate these issues, reducing both energy waste and maintenance costs. Diagnostic Bayesian networks (DBNs), as probabilistic graphical models, offer

Magnesium salts are key components of liquid alkali-free accelerator; however, their influence on the setting and hardening of accelerated cement pastes remains unclear. This study systematically investigates the role of different magnesium salts by preparing and examining aluminum sulfate (AS)-based accelerators at different dosages. The effects of the accelerators on the setting and early age mechanical

This paper introduces an automated framework for generating safety risk management guidance using a Large Language Model (LLM) enhanced by Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). Reference documents related to specific work activities and equipment are retrieved from 64,740 construction accident cases, generating tailored safety risk management guidance using LLM. This study confirmed that domain adaptation

The construction industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, with embodied carbon playing a key role. This paper introduces EcoSphere, an integrated software for automating sustainable urban development by analyzing trade-offs between embodied and operational carbon emissions, construction costs, and environmental impacts. It leverages National Structure Inventory data, computer

This study introduces a pioneering concept of bio-inspired vascularized composite for thermal energy management in buildings. Thermoregulating strategies available in nature were utilized in this study as: (i) architected vascularization and (ii) perspiration phase change thermoregulation. To engineer vascular networks within cementitious composites, a sacrificial polymeric method was explored, where

This study explores the impact of adding biochar (BC) on various engineering properties of GGBS-incorporated engineered cementitious composites (ECC). This study investigates the effects of biochar (BC) on the performance of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) incorporating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Key properties assessed include workability, density, strength, shrinkage, durability

Preserving historical buildings, as a shared heritage reflecting human civilization from the past to the present, is of vital importance. This study investigates the seismic behavior of the Karacakaya Village Mosque, constructed in 1879 with stone masonry walls and a hipped wooden roof, prior to its architectural restoration. The primary building and single minaret were modeled, and linear, nonlinear

Steel strand meshes and engineered cementitious composites (ECC) jacket have been proven to exhibit excellent strengthening effect for reinforced concrete (RC) columns. To give thorough understanding of the compressive and seismic performance of RC columns strengthened by this jacket, numerical and analytical studies were performed in this paper. Firstly, an analysis-oriented model was developed to

The lack of strength values for wooden foundation piles in the design standards for timber (Eurocode 5) hinders their proper engineering design and assessment. In order to fill this gap, an extensive experimental campaign was conducted to characterize the mechanical properties of large-scale, water-submerged spruce (Picea abies L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) piles. This was achieved through the

Subway stations face an increasingly serious risk of flooding as climate change leads to frequent extreme rainfall events. The suddenness of external flood disasters and the uncertainty of hazard factors have posed severe challenges to the safety and reliability of traditional evacuation plans in complex closed space structures and dense passenger flow environments. To address the above technical demands

Alumina-doped silica thin layers were synthesized through the sol–gel route and coatings on soda lime substrates. The alumina-doped silica films were reactively deposited from pure 97.5SiO2–2.5Al2O3, 95SiO2–5Al2O3, 90SiO2–10Al2O3, and 85SiO2–15Al2O3 mol.% targets. The densified xerogel were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a valuable tool for investigating the microstructure of concrete. This study introduces a method for analyzing the pore structures and microcracks of self-healing concrete after 300 freeze/thaw (F/T) cycles using CT images with a relatively low resolution of 18.08 μm. Urea-formaldehyde microcapsules alone and in combination with polyvinyl alcohol microfibers were able

The environmental impact of Portland cement production has intensified the search for alternative low-carbon cement. Reactive magnesium oxide cement has emerged as a promising option. The current study investigates the hydration behavior, strength development, and phase evolution of MgO and MgO-RHA blends cured under sealed and carbonation conditions. Two RHA sources with differing amorphous content

Visual simultaneous localization and mapping technology assumes that the surrounding objects are stationary, making it inapplicable to dynamic objects. In environments with dynamic objects, accurately estimating their shape and displacement remains challenging. This paper develops a method for estimating the 3D shapes and displacements of dynamic objects using a monocular camera and demonstrates its

Recycled rubber aggregate concrete (RRAC) has emerged as a promising material for sustainable construction that employs recycled rubber aggregate (RRA) to enhance environmental benefits. However, accurately predicting the compressive stress-strain behavior of RRAC remains a critical challenge due to the complex interactions introduced by RRA. This study aims to develop a robust constitutive model capable

Bio-based materials are being used increasingly widely in construction, owing to their favorable thermal and acoustic performances. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of an alkali-activated binder for the production of Compact Bio-based Blocks (CBB) based on flax shives, for use as thermal insulation in construction. A preliminary study was conducted on the formulation of alkali-activated

The construction sector contributes approximately 37?% of global embodied carbon from materials. Earth-based materials offer a more sustainable alternative, and using recycled aggregates as sand substitutes further reduces environmental impact by limiting raw material extraction. However, these materials are often vulnerable to erosion and water action. This study investigates low-temperature thermal

By employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology (T2 spectrum and 2D T1-T2 spectrum) along with entropy theory, we investigated the microscopic hydration characteristics of white Portland cement. We established a correlation between pore water distribution entropy (PWDE) and hydration degree at different stages of hydration. The findings demonstrate that PWDE exhibits a four-stage M-shaped

This study investigates the performance of nano-modified basalt fiber pellet reinforced cementitious composites (NBFRCC) exposed to elevated temperatures. The composite mixtures have been reinforced with basalt fiber pellet (BFP) coated with a polymeric resin and incorporated cement, slag, nano-silica (Ns) and/or nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). In total, nine mixtures have been prepared by altering

In this study, a green modification process based on iron-based coordination chemistry was developed to address the interfacial stability and durability problems faced by recycled glass fibers in cement mortar applications. By constructing a TA-Fe3+ metal-organic complexation system, a nanoscale protective layer with multiple coordination bonds was formed on the surface of glass fibers (GFs), which

High-strength and high-performance concrete is prone to cracking due to its substantial autogenous shrinkage, which significantly impacts the durability of concrete structures. To address this issue, CaO-based expansive agents (CEAs) are commonly used to mitigate the autogenous shrinkage of concrete. This study investigates the effects of varying CEA contents on the pore structure, relative humidity