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Importance Growing evidence suggests that microbes located within the gastrointestinal tract and other anatomical locations influence the development and progression of diseases such as cancer. Observations Clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that microbes in the gastrointestinal tract and other anatomical locations, such as the respiratory tract, may affect carcinogenesis, development of metastases

Importance Whether administration of blood pressure medications at bedtime instead of in the morning reduces cardiovascular risk is unknown, as findings from large clinical trials have not been consistent. There is also concern that bedtime antihypertensive use could induce glaucoma-related visual loss or other hypotensive/ischemic adverse effects. Objective To determine the effect of bedtime vs morning

BACKGROUND Tirzepatide and semaglutide are highly effective medications for obesity management. The efficacy and safety of tirzepatide as compared with semaglutide in adults with obesity but without type 2 diabetes is unknown. METHODS In this phase 3b, open-label, controlled trial, adult participants with obesity but without type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive the maximum

BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a life-threatening disease characterised by progressive loss of motor neurons with few therapeutic options. The MIROCALS study tested the hypothesis that low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2LD) improves survival and function in ALS. MethodsIn this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, male and female riluzole-naive participants, with either a possible

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Women who are diagnosed with cancer during their reproductive years have significantly fewer livebirths than those without cancer, according to a Danish registry-based cohort study. Researchers found that livebirth rates after a cancer diagnosis increasingly declined with age and varied with specific cancers. The rates of a first livebirth after cancer were lowest among women with leukemia, breast

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“The results are very provocative in terms of turning the assumption that we’ve always had on its head, and that’s why it’s such an important study—because it challenges dogma.” —Shelley Hwang, MD, MPH Early results from the first study comparing active monitoring to surgery for patients with low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) support the short-term safety of active monitoring. Researchers released

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Bossi A, Foulon S, Maldonado X, et al. Efficacy and safety of prostate radiotherapy in de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (PEACE-1): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study with a 2?×?2 factorial design. Lancet 2024; 404: 2065–76—In this Article, the affiliations for Fabio Calabro should have included “IRCCS National Cancer Institute Regina Elena, Rome, Italy”. This

Alice Giucca describes how her experience on a postnatal ward showed a system in collapse As I watch my newborn daughter sleep in one of her three hour stretches of peaceful bliss, I do what I have been conditioned to do throughout my medical career: I reflect. As is often the case with birth, my daughter’s arrival did not go to plan, spiralling terrifyingly quickly from a state of calm to intrapartum

A recent report from the Infected Blood Inquiry (IBI) brought again to professional and public attention the risks and potential harm that may be associated with blood transfusion. The report made many recommendations to improve the safety of blood transfusion.1 Public attention focused on the harm that so many people experienced and the decision making processes that led to the failures of care. But

Throughout medical school and as teaching clinicians we are frequently reminded how the word doctor originates from the Latin docere —to teach. Teaching, for doctors, is considered an innate “competency,” genetically part of our DNA. Participation in teaching is a standard inclusion in the job description. Baked into this truism is a further expectation—that because we work as doctors, we can automatically

Sunil Pandya was born and spent almost his entire life in Bombay (now Mumbai). He joined Grant Medical College in 1957, graduating in 1961. He then gained a masters in general surgery and trained in neurosurgery. In 1968 he joined a public hospital, King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College (KEM-GSMC) where he worked with Homi Dastur. In 1974-75 he spent a year

John was born in London, then moved to Sheffield and North Wales, where he attended Penygroes Secondary School. He qualified from St Andrew’s in 1947 and undertook his pre-registration year at the University Hospital in Dundee. On completion he was called up for national service and became a medical officer in the Black Watch; he was sent through Egypt to serve with the 2nd King’s African Rifles in

At a recent conference in London patients gave an insight into their thoughts on use of AI in the NHS Artificial intelligence is no longer a futuristic fantasy; it’s rapidly becoming a part of our everyday lives, including the healthcare sector. But as with any technological advance in healthcare its integration comes with its own set of challenges and considerations. Speaking at an NHS conference

Many doctors experience distressing inappropriate behaviour from colleagues, including unwelcome sexual comments and advances. Tom Moberly hears advice on how to tackle such behaviour Chelcie Jewitt, cofounder of Surviving in Scrubs,1 says, “The first piece of advice I would give to anyone in this situation is to look after yourself. There is an onus on you to speak up when things happen, but in real

BACKGROUND In phase 2 trials involving patients with stage 2 or 3 fibrosis caused by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), efruxifermin, a bivalent fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogue, reduced fibrosis and resolved MASH. Data are needed on the efficacy and safety of efruxifermin in patients with compensated cirrhosis (stage 4 fibrosis) caused by MASH. METHODS In this phase

This Medical News article highlights recent research into olfactory deficits in older adults and mortality risk, including factors that mediate this relationship.

Are you a medical student interested in learning how a medical journal is run? Do you have a passion for creating engaging content for medical students? If so, apply to be The BMJ ’s next editorial scholar. The editorial scholar takes one year out of medical school to work with The BMJ ’s international team of editors and lead BMJ Student , the student section of The BMJ . In this role you will:

Objective To determine the effect of a novel brief general practitioner (GP)-led narrative exposure intervention on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after intensive care. Design Multicentre, observer blind, randomised controlled trial (PICTURE). Setting Primary care in 319 general practices across Germany. Participants 319 adults (18-85 years) who have survived critical illness with symptoms

The way we treat staff working in the healthcare system is crucial to the success of any reform, say Isabelle Brown and Laura Turner The NHS workforce is under considerable operational pressure at every level from the combined effects of record demand and shortages of capital and resource.1 In addition, seismic shifts are on the horizon, including the abolition of NHS England (NHSE), the expected recommendations

BackgroundWHO recommends treating hepatitis C infection with one of three antiviral combinations for 8–12 weeks. No randomised trials have compared these regimens, and high cure rates might be achievable with shorter durations of therapy. We aimed to compare sofosbuvir–daclatasvir with sofosbuvir–velpatasvir, and to evaluate potential novel treatment strategies. MethodsWe conducted a multi-arm, open-label

Improved hypertension control can save millions of lives, but mass hypertension screening, a commonly used approach, is a barrier to progress. Although politically appealing, mass screening diverts resources from improving services in primary health care. Hypertension treatment requires ongoing, long-term care. Mass screening is inefficient: many people with hypertension are not screened or not screened

BackgroundPatients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma have a poor prognosis, and treatments with long-term benefits are needed. We report results from the preplanned interim analysis of the CheckMate 9DW trial assessing nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus lenvatinib or sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in the first-line setting. MethodsThis open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial

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BackgroundMeasuring sexual violence against children (SVAC) is vital to prevention and advocacy efforts, yet existing prevalence studies present estimates for few countries. Here we estimate the prevalence of SVAC for 204 countries by age and sex, from 1990 to 2023, and also report the age at which young survivors of lifetime sexual violence first experienced sexual violence. MethodsWe reviewed publicly

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