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Accurately predicting metro commuter flows under changing urban conditions is essential for guiding infrastructure investments and service planning. However, existing methods show limited adaptability to evolving urban conditions. To address this, we propose an adaptive graph sharing embedding cascade interaction network (AGSECIN), which establishes a dynamic mapping relationship between changing urban

The spoke cable‐net structure is a typical flexible tensile structure that relies solely on cables as load‐bearing components. Its unique topological characteristics, composed of ring cables and radial cables, determine that the main challenge in its form‐finding lies in controlling the spatial configuration of the inner ring. Existing computational methods primarily rely on numerical iteration based

In construction projects, resource fluctuations not only decrease work efficiency but also lead to high costs. However, current resource leveling strategies exhibit limitations in crew‐based scheduling mechanisms, constraining the flexibility of resource allocation. This study addresses the resource leveling problem of repetitive projects, focusing on leveling resource utilization from the perspective

Vision-based monitoring of construction equipment is limited in scalability due to the high resource demands of collecting and labeling large datasets across diverse environments. This study proposes a framework that employs Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) and Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) to recognize construction equipment tasks from video frames without additional training data. The framework

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The progressions of industrial revolutions have enabled diverse digital technologies in architecture, engineering, construction and operation (AECO), with Building Information Modelling (BIM) gaining notable attention. Concurrently, the circular economy (CE) has emerged as a crucial strategy for addressing socio-economic issues such as waste, resource depletion, and climate change. However, limitations

Leakage detection (LD) in water pipelines is crucial for reducing water wastage. Acoustic methods for pipeline monitoring are gaining increasing popularity. However, challenges like noise, reverberation, and time-varying factors in pipelines hinder feature extraction. To ameliorate this problem, this paper introduces a feature representation method named EF_Mel spectrogram and proposes a multi-dimensional

In order to solve the problem of excessively high dust and gas concentration in continuous mining face, this paper puts forward a front split air technology which can control gas concentration while reducing dust pollution on the basis of not affecting on-site coal mining operations, summarizes the on-site dust and gas pollution diffusion law, and reveals the dust control mechanism of front split air

Enhancing the resilience of underground structures for their operation safety amidst complex disasters has become a critical societal issue. However, resilience enhancement decision-making for underground structures mainly depends on practical subjective experience currently, with insufficient integration of ontology knowledge and a clear gap in the availability of efficient and intelligent decision-making

To optimize spray-based dust capture efficiency at coal mine working face, a novel micro-nano bubble enhanced ultrasonic dry fog dust suppression approach was developed. The characteristics of micro nano bubbles water were studied through wettability experiments and the dust suppression effect of micro nano bubbles water and tap water was compared by using the custom-designed spray dust suppression

Geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported (GRPS) embankments provide an effective solution for mitigating subgrade settlement and enhancing service performance. This study presents a series of physical model tests aimed at gaining a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical behavior of geogrids in GRPS embankments. Effects of loading cycles, loading frequency, geogrid layer number, and pile type on

Current structural damage segmentation models are often trained based on substantial pixel-level labels for specific structural components and damage types. To address this issue, this paper establishes a transformer-based large vision model for universal structural damage segmentation, incorporating a pre-trained transformer-based frozen backbone and a fine-tuned CNN-based segmentation head. A synthetic

The increasing demand for automated rebar cage assembly in the construction industry highlights the need for flexible rebar grasping solutions. This paper proposes a grasp detection method that enables robotic arms to autonomously grasp rebars from the top layer of stacks, eliminating the need for complex delivery systems. To support this, a synthetic dataset pipeline incorporating domain randomization

As deep space exploration advances, agencies such as National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and The European Space Agency (ESA), along with other nations, have developed mid-to-long-term plans for lunar habitation, including the construction of lunar infrastructure. This article reviews existing lunar construction concepts and designs, analyzing their importance for sustained human presence

Siltation diagnosis of drainage pipelines is crucial for preventing urban flooding. However, the existing intelligent siltation diagnosis algorithms often exhibits limitations in handling multivariate data sequences and extracting multifaceted features, leading to partial distortion in outputs. To address these shortcomings, a neural network architecture consisting of inception network (BCI), residual

Digital transformation is employed to create digital models that reflect the current state of infrastructure. Conventional semantic structure from motion methods effectively generated digital models of bridges segmented by components through semantic segmentation. However, these methods encounter significant challenges in the digital transformation of pedestrian suspension bridges: the inaccurate modeling

This paper presents an AI framework for automated detection of personal protective equipment (PPE) compliance in complex construction and industrial environments. Ensuring health and safety standards is essential for protecting workers engaged in construction, repair, or inspection activities. The framework leverages deep learning techniques for worker detection and pose estimation to enable accurate

Under the dual-carbon strategy, prefabricated engineering with dry-assembled joints has been actively implemented in China. However, the complexity of the on-site assembly processes impacts the interfacial connection quality of dry-assembled joints, where non-ideal force transmission caused by imperfect assembly status significantly compromises structural stability. To address this, an Intelligent

To investigate the mechanical properties and energy evolution of freeze–thawed concrete under both static and dynamic loading, static compression and dynamic impact tests were conducted. The resulting data included stress–strain curves, strength and deformation parameters, crushing characteristics, and energy evolution patterns of freeze-thawed concrete under these conditions. A dynamic constitutive

Accelerated human activities and the growing demand for natural resources have facilitated the need for a comprehensive understanding of subsurface environments. This paper comprehensively reviews non-destructive geophysical data acquisition methods for underground feature detection (UFD), focusing on wave-based methods (e.g., seismic and acoustic waves), electromagnetic field-based methods (e.g.,

Unequal double fires may cause more serious disasters due to their complex interaction mechanisms, especially in the case of longitudinal ventilation. However, previous studies have paid little attention to this spot. Therefore, this study presents an experimental investigation into flame behaviour characteristics induced by unequal double fires in a tunnel under different ventilation modes. Using

Large deformation of surrounding rock presents a critical challenge that urgently requires attention in tunnel engineering. This study provides a systematic review of the definition, classification, grading, mechanical mechanisms, and control techniques related to large deformations in surrounding rock. First, the origin of the large deformation concept is systematically analysed, and different types

Based on the deficiencies of the generalized response displacement method and the integral response displacement method for longitudinal seismic analysis of the shield tunnel, the dynamic sub-str1cture analysis method for longitudinal seismic response of a large-diameter shield tunnel crossing the complex soil layer is proposed. The feasibility and superiority of the dynamic sub-structure analysis

Many buildings suffer from operational inefficiencies, leading to uncomfortable indoor environments, poor air quality, and significant energy waste. Developing automatic fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) tools in building energy systems is essential to mitigate these issues, reducing both energy waste and maintenance costs. Diagnostic Bayesian networks (DBNs), as probabilistic graphical models, offer

This paper introduces an automated framework for generating safety risk management guidance using a Large Language Model (LLM) enhanced by Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). Reference documents related to specific work activities and equipment are retrieved from 64,740 construction accident cases, generating tailored safety risk management guidance using LLM. This study confirmed that domain adaptation

The construction industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, with embodied carbon playing a key role. This paper introduces EcoSphere, an integrated software for automating sustainable urban development by analyzing trade-offs between embodied and operational carbon emissions, construction costs, and environmental impacts. It leverages National Structure Inventory data, computer

This study introduces a pioneering concept of bio-inspired vascularized composite for thermal energy management in buildings. Thermoregulating strategies available in nature were utilized in this study as: (i) architected vascularization and (ii) perspiration phase change thermoregulation. To engineer vascular networks within cementitious composites, a sacrificial polymeric method was explored, where

This study explores the impact of adding biochar (BC) on various engineering properties of GGBS-incorporated engineered cementitious composites (ECC). This study investigates the effects of biochar (BC) on the performance of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) incorporating ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Key properties assessed include workability, density, strength, shrinkage, durability

Preserving historical buildings, as a shared heritage reflecting human civilization from the past to the present, is of vital importance. This study investigates the seismic behavior of the Karacakaya Village Mosque, constructed in 1879 with stone masonry walls and a hipped wooden roof, prior to its architectural restoration. The primary building and single minaret were modeled, and linear, nonlinear

Steel strand meshes and engineered cementitious composites (ECC) jacket have been proven to exhibit excellent strengthening effect for reinforced concrete (RC) columns. To give thorough understanding of the compressive and seismic performance of RC columns strengthened by this jacket, numerical and analytical studies were performed in this paper. Firstly, an analysis-oriented model was developed to

The lack of strength values for wooden foundation piles in the design standards for timber (Eurocode 5) hinders their proper engineering design and assessment. In order to fill this gap, an extensive experimental campaign was conducted to characterize the mechanical properties of large-scale, water-submerged spruce (Picea abies L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) piles. This was achieved through the

Subway stations face an increasingly serious risk of flooding as climate change leads to frequent extreme rainfall events. The suddenness of external flood disasters and the uncertainty of hazard factors have posed severe challenges to the safety and reliability of traditional evacuation plans in complex closed space structures and dense passenger flow environments. To address the above technical demands

Alumina-doped silica thin layers were synthesized through the sol–gel route and coatings on soda lime substrates. The alumina-doped silica films were reactively deposited from pure 97.5SiO2–2.5Al2O3, 95SiO2–5Al2O3, 90SiO2–10Al2O3, and 85SiO2–15Al2O3 mol.% targets. The densified xerogel were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Visual simultaneous localization and mapping technology assumes that the surrounding objects are stationary, making it inapplicable to dynamic objects. In environments with dynamic objects, accurately estimating their shape and displacement remains challenging. This paper develops a method for estimating the 3D shapes and displacements of dynamic objects using a monocular camera and demonstrates its

Recycled rubber aggregate concrete (RRAC) has emerged as a promising material for sustainable construction that employs recycled rubber aggregate (RRA) to enhance environmental benefits. However, accurately predicting the compressive stress-strain behavior of RRAC remains a critical challenge due to the complex interactions introduced by RRA. This study aims to develop a robust constitutive model capable

Bio-based materials are being used increasingly widely in construction, owing to their favorable thermal and acoustic performances. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of an alkali-activated binder for the production of Compact Bio-based Blocks (CBB) based on flax shives, for use as thermal insulation in construction. A preliminary study was conducted on the formulation of alkali-activated

The construction sector contributes approximately 37?% of global embodied carbon from materials. Earth-based materials offer a more sustainable alternative, and using recycled aggregates as sand substitutes further reduces environmental impact by limiting raw material extraction. However, these materials are often vulnerable to erosion and water action. This study investigates low-temperature thermal

By employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology (T2 spectrum and 2D T1-T2 spectrum) along with entropy theory, we investigated the microscopic hydration characteristics of white Portland cement. We established a correlation between pore water distribution entropy (PWDE) and hydration degree at different stages of hydration. The findings demonstrate that PWDE exhibits a four-stage M-shaped

This study investigates the performance of nano-modified basalt fiber pellet reinforced cementitious composites (NBFRCC) exposed to elevated temperatures. The composite mixtures have been reinforced with basalt fiber pellet (BFP) coated with a polymeric resin and incorporated cement, slag, nano-silica (Ns) and/or nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). In total, nine mixtures have been prepared by altering

In this study, a green modification process based on iron-based coordination chemistry was developed to address the interfacial stability and durability problems faced by recycled glass fibers in cement mortar applications. By constructing a TA-Fe3+ metal-organic complexation system, a nanoscale protective layer with multiple coordination bonds was formed on the surface of glass fibers (GFs), which

High-strength and high-performance concrete is prone to cracking due to its substantial autogenous shrinkage, which significantly impacts the durability of concrete structures. To address this issue, CaO-based expansive agents (CEAs) are commonly used to mitigate the autogenous shrinkage of concrete. This study investigates the effects of varying CEA contents on the pore structure, relative humidity

To further investigate the impact of green facades (GFs) on building cooling loads under varying environmental conditions, this study conducted field experiments using GFs on a school building located in a humid subtropical climate. The effectiveness of GFs was evaluated by quantifying their ability to reduce external wall surface temperatures and mitigate heat flux through the building envelope. To

Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into building management systems offers a promising path to improving energy consumption, particularly in legacy buildings that feature outdated air-conditioning (AC) systems. These buildings often face significant challenges such as structural constraints, poor insulation, and a lack of real-time data, which complicate efficient load balancing and energy optimization

Incorporating Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP) into concrete reduces early-age cracking but also decreases its tensile strength, while the addition of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) improves both tensile strength and crack resistance. To investigate the compression-shear (CS) performance of SAP-PVA concrete, this study proposes a tri-linear shear slip model to predict mechanical behavior under CS loading. A

For shield tunnel linings reinforced with epoxy bonded-bolted steel plates, the mechanical behavior of longitudinal joints is a key factor affecting the overall load-bearing capacity and durability of the structure. However, current research and design efforts mostly remain at the conceptual or qualitative analysis stage, with insufficient consideration of the collaborative mechanical behavior of components

The paper focuses on the smoke flow movement in inclined short tunnel fires. Small-scale tunnel fire tests and numerical simulations are implemented by considering the tunnel inclination, heat release rate (HRR), tunnel height and upward distance from fire source to upward opening. The comprehensive impacts of tunnel inclination, HRR and upward length on the smoke back-layering flow and the influencing

The impact of tunnels on driver performance is significant, yet it remains understudied in the context of high-speed rail. This study investigated the effects of continuous tunnel driving on high-speed rail drivers’ mental fatigue and brain functional connectivity using electroencephalography (EEG) and graph theory. Forty-two participants performed simulated driving tasks in continuous tunnel and plain

The slurry infiltration process and filter cake formation are widely studied due to their critical role in ensuring the stability of the excavation surface during slurry shield tunnelling operations. Previous studies have predominantly focused on static slurry infiltration through laboratory column tests and simulations. However, in real-world tunnelling, slurry infiltration is a dynamic process due

This guideline outlines the recommendations of the International Tunnelling and Underground Space Association (ITA) for preparing a Geotechnical Baseline Report (GBR) for the NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC), specifically for Options B or D, with use of a Bill of Quantities. This document complements and should be read alongside the “Guidance on NEC and Underground Works (2025)” (hereafter

Urban overheating significantly impacts human well-being, requiring outdoor thermal comfort assessments. This research aims to assess the performance of models to calculate mean skin temperature in outdoor environments against measurements. The study compares a Lumped Human Energy Budget (LHEB) model, which is a simplified representation of the human body thermal state developed in an Urban Canopy

Efficient identification of at-risk construction workers is crucial for reducing fall-from-height (FFH) accidents. However, current methods of evaluating worker FFH risk rely on manual inspections, which are ineffective because of the complex nature of construction sites. To address this issue, this paper presents a technique for FFH risk assessment using physiological data. A virtual reality experiment

Architects need efficient generative methods for handling complex architectural layout design tasks to spare more attention to the aesthetics of buildings. High expertise requirements of the input conditions and the large size of datasets bring challenges for architects using generative architectural design methods. This paper presents a hybrid model that integrates Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for

Relocatable modular buildings (RMBs) are gaining recognition for their innovation, efficiency, and sustainability, especially in addressing urgent needs during natural disasters or pandemics. Their inherent flexibility, mobility, and scalability enable rapid deployment and adaptation to changing needs. However, managing multiple modular units and their relocation and reconfiguration over time presents

Large language models (LLMs) agents can function as autonomous, interactive, goal-oriented systems, but in the building energy sector, there is currently no structured paradigm that researchers and engineers can follow to create, access, and share effective LLM agents without starting from scratch. This paper introduces a JSON-based agent schema designed to structure the description of LLM agents.

Prefabricated Off-site Fit-out (POF) plays a critical but often overlooked role in Modular Prefabricated Construction (MPC). Due to fragmented and asymmetric information, inconsistent production and intralogistics operations, and production uncertainty, the POF faces significant synchronization challenges. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the Graduation Intelligent Manufacturing System

This study investigated the effect of using lithium slag (LS) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in improving the resistance against sulphate attack of cement mortar exposed to a 5?% Na2SO4 solution. The LS content ranging from 20?% to 60?% were evaluated over 180 days through visual inspection, compressive strength tests, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) measurements, mass change analysis

In this paper, a timber frame and steel plate shear wall (SPSW) hybrid structure was introduced, and prototype structures of 6, 12, and 15 stories were designed. A rigid and a deformable timber-steel wall-to-diaphragm connection were then proposed. Numerical models of the structures featuring explicit simulation of the timber frames and SPSWs were developed. Subsequently, static and dynamic nonlinear

Photovoltaic (PV) glazing contributes to energy conservation; however, its low transmittance increases building heating load, limiting its application in heating-dominated regions. This study aims to address this issue by proposing an innovative photovoltaic energy-saving window (PEW). The PEW combines the control of PV glazing and an insulated shutter, enhancing solar heat gain during the day and