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This paper studies whether investor composition affects the sovereign debt market. We construct a data set of sovereign debt holdings by foreign and domestic bank, nonbank private and official investors for 101 countries across three decades. Compared with other investors, private nonbank investors absorb a disproportionate share of the debt supply, and their demand for emerging market debt is most

Frequent, yet uninformed, market timing recommendations by a financial advisory firm generate significant flows for Chilean pension funds. These flows induce substantial changes in the Chilean foreign exchange rate due to the funds’ high allocation to international securities. Local banks provide liquidity to pension funds in the spot market and their hedging transactions propagate the demand fluctuations

We study the aggregate consequences of dynamic lending relationships in a model of heterogeneous banks facing financial frictions. We estimate the model’s loan demand system on administrative loan-level data: the market power implied by the estimated strength and persistence of relationships yields a long run reduction in credit of 5.9%. Relationships amplify the negative real effects of credit supply

We analyze the trade-offs of having intermediaries originate government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) mortgages using proprietary GSE data. We first find evidence of lenders pricing for observable and unobservable default risk independently of the GSEs. We then develop and estimate a model of competitive lending in which lenders have skin-in-the-game and conduct additional screening beyond the GSEs’ criteria

Amid the recent ESG de-institutionalization by major financial institutions, this study investigates market responses to ESG factors during two major events that shake the U.S. stock market in 2024: (1) an economic shock and (2) a political shock tied to Trump’s election victory. Overall, the market reacts negatively to higher-ESG stocks during both events. However, the economic shock does not trigger

We compute the daily ambiguity of the S&P 500 using high-frequency (one-minute) data from 1998 to 2022. Ambiguity is defined as the variability in return distributions throughout the trading day. The findings reveal that ambiguity fluctuates across weekdays with a clear tendency to peak on Mondays, drops significantly on Wednesdays and Thursdays, and rises slightly on Fridays, forming a smile-like

This study demonstrates that the tone of the risk factors section in the 10-K reports of U.S. public companies predicts returns on major U.S. stock indices. We created five tone indicators using text mining, the Loughran-McDonald dictionary, and AI-calibrated alternatives (GPT-3.5-turbo-0125, GPT-4, GPT-4o, and GPT-4o-mini). These indicators showed significant predictive power for weekly returns, with

This paper investigates how firms’ pollution incentives are influenced by their ability to divest polluted assets. My empirical setting is a major reform that exempts purchasers from liability for past contamination. Using a difference-in-differences framework, I find that the reform reduces toxic emissions, lowers bankruptcy risk, and increases firm value. Cross-sectional tests show that the decline

We study block trades in the corporate bond market, where dealers buy or sell blocks from initiating customers and offset their positions with receiving investors. Our findings indicate that while receivers benefit from trading cost savings, they primarily bear adverse selection costs and experience worse outcomes when informed trading is prevalent. Mandatory trade reporting improves receiver outcomes

This paper investigates the impact of workplace inclusion—defined as the procedures organizations implement to integrate everyone in the workplace—on corporate financial performance, examining for the first time its effect on market valuation alongside profitability. We construct a composite, policy-based inclusion measure based on five observable components: flexible working hours, daycare services

This paper examines the impact of the recently developed investor sentiment index (Photo Pessimism) derived from a large sample of news photos on sustainable stock returns. Based on the quantile causality analysis, we demonstrate that Photo and Text Pessimism significantly influence S&P 500 ESG stock market returns, particularly at medium quantile levels. The findings also suggest that the Photo sentiment

This letter theoretically and empirically examines the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on business closures, using panel data from 26 countries over the period 2006–2022. We find that a one-unit increase in the EPU index significantly raises business closures by approximately 0.7 %–0.9 % per 1000 adults. Furthermore, we identify credit supply, household consumption, and stock market capitalization

We investigate the impact of the financial supervisory architecture on financial reporting outcomes by exploiting a quasi-natural experiment in Korea. In 2008, Korea consolidated financial policy-making and supervisory functions into a single entity. Employing a difference-in-differences approach with cross-country data, we provide novel evidence indicating that the financial reporting quality of Korean

The Financial Statement Divergence (FSD) score, a metric of the deviation of figures from Benford’s Distribution, has become increasingly popular in assessing financial information quality at the firm-year level. We test the validity of this metric by analyzing (1) if error-free financial statements conform to Benford and (2) if the FSD score increases with the presence of accounting errors or manipulations

Understanding how the arrival of pre-market information triggers intraday circuit breakers in post-IPO stocks is central to analyzing market behavior in emerging markets, where information asymmetry and heightened volatility are common. Using data on newly listed stocks from the Turkish stock exchange, this paper examines the drivers of circuit breaker activations in the first year following IPOs.

We examine the relationship between corporate site visits by institutional investors and the provision of trade credit to these firms by their suppliers and find a positive relationship between the frequency of site visits and the level of supplier trade credit. This relationship is more pronounced among firms with less transparent information environments and greater financial constraints. The findings

The special issue on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Accounting and Finance explores how AI technologies are transforming the fields of accounting and finance, examining both their practical applications and the associated challenges. The papers included in this issue demonstrate how AI can improve efficiency, enhance decision-making processes, and increase transparency across various domains, including

This paper examines the predictive role of two dominant climate risk categories – physical and transition risks – in forecasting U.S. equity market risk premiums. The results reveal a pronounced asymmetry: physical climate risk significantly and negatively predicts stock returns both in-sample and out-of-sample, whereas transition climate risk demonstrates insignificant forecasting ability. This superior

ESG (Environmental, social, and governance) has become increasingly crucial in the investment of pension funds. This paper develops a multi-objective dynamic model to analyze the ESG-integration investment strategy of Target Date Funds (TDFs). The model optimizes three objectives: expected return, variance, and ESG score, incorporating human capital in the budget constraint and considering inflation-linked

Considering the enactment of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) in India, we causally assess its impact on Indian firms’ audit fees. Using the difference-in-differences (DiD) technique, we find that financially distressed firms pay lesser audit fees than financially non-distressed firms in India post-bankruptcy reforms. The robustness of our findings is ensured using matching combined with DiD

This paper investigates the impact of climate risk on banks' credit risk. Using a sample of 102 banks across 21 countries in the European Economic Area (EEA) from Q3 2019 to Q2 2023, we develop a novel approach to quantifying climate risk based on banks' loan exposures to industries and countries. Our findings indicate that climate transition risk (CTR), climate physical risk (CPR), and total climate

We investigate the interrelationship between state-level economic policy uncertainty (SEPU), bank efficiency, and banks’ financial risk. Using a sample of US banks from 2011 to 2021, we show that banks with higher operational efficiency can mitigate the increased financial risk stemming from high SEPU. This association remains unchanged while considering the national-level economic policy uncertainty

This study quantitatively explores the relationships among the digital economy (DE), financial development, and industrial structure upgrading (ISU). Findings suggest that (1) the DE positively affects ISU; (2) financial development has a significantly positive spillover effect on ISU; and (3) under financial development regulation, the DE and ISU have an “inverted U-shaped” nonlinear relationship

This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption on credit risk assessment in OECD and BRICS economies by employing both System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Random Forest models. As a first step, a composite AI Adoption Index is constructed to capture the technological maturity of financial institutions with indicators including banking technology spending, the

This study develops a model elucidating the mechanism by which CEO exaggeration triggers stock price collapses. CEOs leverage private information to attract investment through premarket boasting. Two investor archetypes interpret this information differently: Type I investors, possessing superior analytical capabilities, accurately discern true value; Type II investors, who rely on CEO pronouncements

This study explores the impact of cultural diversity on corporate artificial intelligence (AI) development and its underlying mechanisms. Empirical analysis demonstrates that cultural diversity significantly enhances AI development within firms, primarily by fostering innovation. Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that this positive effect is more pronounced in firms with lower financial constraints

We empirically investigate the effect of active style drift (i.e., changes in style resulting from managers’ deliberate rebalancing) on mutual fund performance. Our measure of active style drift is based on monthly holdings data, which enables us to capture short-term changes in style. We examine all active equity mutual funds registered in Korea between 2009 and 2023 and find that intermediate-term

We study the impact of global volatility on the equity portfolio flows of institutional investors worldwide. Aggregate equity allocations of institutional investors decrease during periods of high volatility, both in developed and, even more strongly, in emerging markets. Our granular portfolio-level data allows us to uncover disaggregated investor responses that are an order of magnitude larger than

Climate change is a growing challenge for global economic stability, with significant implications for financial sector development. This study examines the relationship between climate vulnerability and the growth and structure of financial systems across a global sample of 29 countries. Using panel data, we find a positive relationship between climate risks and the overall size of financial systems

We develop a two-stage model of capital investment and labor-augmenting innovations, considering the implications of market power on investment decisions (investment size and timing) and welfare. Capital size decreases with market power, while labor-augmenting technological investment scale increases. An inverted U-shaped relationship exists between investment thresholds and market power, resulting

We examine the effects of negative interest rate policy (NIRP) on the scale of shadow banking. Utilising a Triple Differences (TD) model and a cross-country dataset of 676 non-bank financial intermediaries from 28 OECD countries over the period 2011–2017, we observe a reduction in the size of shadow banking entities. Moreover, the impact of NIRP is heterogeneous based on country- and entity-specific

This study investigates the hedging and safe-haven properties of art investments relative to traditional financial assets, employing a Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregression (TVP-VAR) approach across major art market sub-indices during several periods of financial crises, including the collapse of the dot-com bubble, the Global Financial Crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Art indices are found

Environmental disclosure is a topic of global importance. When negative environmental news emerges and is eventually revealed, it can influence investor decisions and lead to significant stock price movements, potentially resulting in stock price crashes. Therefore, using a sample of A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2017 to 2022, we construct an environmental

This study examines the impact of national board heterogeneity on firm risk during periods of geopolitical instability by focusing on non-financial companies listed in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland following Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014. Drawing on resource dependency, agency, and critical mass theories, we highlight the dual-edged nature of board heterogeneity. Although diverse boards

Utilizing a dataset of publicly listed companies spanning from 2011 to 2022, this study investigates the mechanisms underlying the impact of digital asset allocation on corporate accounting information quality. The results reveal that digital asset allocation exerts a negative influence on the quality of accounting information within firms. Moreover, the size of the enterprise is found to be a significant

We document political sentiment effects on U.S. inventors. Democratic inventors are more likely to patent (relative to Republicans) after the 2008 election of Obama but less likely after the 2016 election of Trump. These effects are at least twice as strong among politically active Democrats and are present even within firms and within firm×technology. We also show that partisans tend to cluster in

As labour markets shift responsibility for navigating career transitions and employability from organisations to individuals, sensemaking around their own ‘perceived employability’ gains importance. Prior research suggests work integrated learning (WIL) experiences constitute a significant route to perceived employability for potential entrants to the accounting profession. The mechanisms through which

This study aims to investigate the causality among geopolitical risk, financial development and energy transition in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Using balanced panel data for 25 OECD countries from 2000 to 2019, we apply slope heterogeneity test, cross-sectional dependence test, unit root test, cointegration test, pooled mean group estimation, and panel

This study investigates the impact of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) on green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) and examines the moderating role of green finance (GF). Using a panel data analysis framework combined with the super-efficient SBM-DEA model, the study finds that CPU has a significant negative effect on GTFEE, indicating that increased policy uncertainty hinders the improvement of

In April 2024, Shahzad Uddin, the recipient of the 2022 British Accounting and Finance Association (BAFA) Distinguished Accounting Academic Award, delivered the Keynote Address at the Annual BAFA Conference. This article builds on that keynote to critically examine the systemic challenges faced by scholars researching the Majority World within the field of accounting. It highlights their marginalisation

The paper examines the decision‐making, compensation, and turnover of female CEOs in U.S. hospitals. Contrary to the literature on lower‐ranked executives and directors in public firms, there is no evidence that gender differences in preferences for risk or altruism affect decision‐making of hospital CEOs: corporate policies do not shift when women take (or leave) office, and male and female CEOs respond

This study examines whether and to what extent insiders exploit their informational advantage, surrounding extreme weather events. Adopting the US as our context, we find that public and private related tropical-storm information provides insiders with profitable buying opportunities, notably higher in the pre-landfall period and for executives. Our results suggest that insiders not only process meteorological

This paper develops a continuous-time search-and-matching model that integrates two key labor market frictions—imperfect information and financial constraints—into the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides framework. By endogenizing these frictions, we offer a new explanation for persistent unemployment, asymmetric recoveries, and endogenous hysteresis. The model shows how informational distortions and liquidity

This paper examines which municipal disclosures provide informational value to investors. Using the entire universe of post-issuance financial and event disclosures from 2009 to 2022, we find that most municipal bonds do not trade in the weeks following a disclosure. However, some disclosures do provide enough new information to increase trading. Investors trade more on credit-relevant disclosures

Using linear and quantile regressions and daily data covering August 7, 2015, to December 30, 2024, we show that the ratio of Bitcoin-to-gold (BG) prices exerts a significantly positive effect on U.S. stock returns during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic periods, which holds when accounting for volatility, term spread, default spread, inflation, and liquidity. No significant impact is observed

This research examines, conceptually and empirically, the impact of environmental regulation on corporate greenwashing. This research utilizes the New Environmental Protection Law as a natural experiment to investigate the causal relationship between environmental legislation and corporate greenwashing actions from 2009 to 2023. The results suggest that implementing the new Environmental Protection

This study examines the impact of institutional shareholder distraction on a firm's ability to maintain a safe workplace environment. By utilising extreme returns of firms in unrelated industries of institutional shareholders' portfolios as exogenous indicators of investor distraction, we demonstrate that institutional investor distraction is associated with a higher incidence of workplace injuries

We examine whether CEOs use share repurchases to sell their equity at inflated prices. We document that share repurchases, like equity-based compensation, are affected by the corporate calendar—the firm's schedule of earnings announcements and insider trading restrictions. The corporate calendar can fully explain why share repurchases and equity-based compensation coincide. The alignment with the corporate

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Using a regime change in the commercialization of university innovation in 1980 that strongly increased university incentives to patent and license discoveries, we document that an increase in the supply of commercializable innovation attracts venture capital investment to the region. The Bayh-Dole Act shifted ownership of intellectual property stemming from federally-funded research from the federal

We propose a theory of banking in which banks cannot perfectly control deposit flows. Facing uninsurable loan and deposit shocks, banks dynamically manage lending, wholesale funding, deposits, and equity. Deposits create value by lowering funding costs. However, when the bank is undercapitalized and at risk of breaching leverage requirements, the marginal value of deposits can turn negative as deposit

We employ social media-derived measures to gauge opinion divergence among retail investors and investigate how shifts in this divergence influence asset prices following earnings announcements. We find that a higher magnitude of changes in investors' opinion divergence correlates with lower price sensitivity to earnings surprises. We test the uncertainty resolution hypotheses and reveals that the divergence

Using machine-learning-based measures for political and climate risks derived from corporate conference calls, we discover a link between the two in a large sample of US firms from 2002 to 2021. Our findings suggest that firms facing higher political risk are more susceptible to climate risk. Additionally, we find that a firm's emitter category industry classification and exposure to environmental

The current context of heightened U.S.–China tensions impact various aspects of the global economic and geopolitical scene. Understanding their implications for global resources, such as crude oil, is crucial. This study focuses on how U.S.–China tensions affect the global crude oil supply in industrialized countries. Using the newly developed U.S.–China tensions (UCTs) index, we analyze the macroeconomic

This study empirically investigates the effects of digital economy enhancement on high-quality foreign trade development using the panel feasible generalized least squares method. The results indicate that digital economy development has a significant positive effect on regional openness and high-quality foreign trade, and regional openness has a mediating role in the process. Additionally, the promotional

We study the effects of going public using a unique panel of firms in 16 European countries for which we observe financial data before and after initial public offering (IPO) attempts. We compare completed and withdrawn IPO attempts. We instrument the decision to complete the IPO using prior market returns. After instrumenting, we isolate a positive causal effect of going public on profitability. We

This paper examines differences in the disclosure and efficacy of intended use of proceeds between private equity (PE)-backed and non-PE-backed initial public offerings (IPOs). We find that PE-backed issuers have a significantly higher (lower) probability of disclosing “repayment of debt” and “repayment to selling shareholders” (“M&A”) than non-PE-backed issuers. Moreover, PE-backed issuers that disclose

We exploit the 2020 Treasury market shock to analyze how external and internal constraints impact arbitrageurs. Using regulatory filings, we find that hedge funds reduced arbitrage activities and increased cash holdings, despite stable credit and low contemporaneous redemptions. Creditors’ regulatory and liquidity constraints were not propagated to hedge funds through repo—Treasury arbitrageurs’ predominant